Peripheral Venous Analysis (PIVA) for Predicting Volume Responsiveness and Fluid Status

Cardiac Catheterization Inclusion criteria: * Patients undergoing right heart catheterization or left and right heart catheterizaton; Age \>=18 Exclusion criteria: * Cardiac assist devices (intra-aortic balloon pump, ventricular assist devices, and extra corporeal membrane oxygenation), ongoing ACLS, aortic or mitral valve disease greater than mild in severity, aortic or mitral valve replacement, active irregular heart rhythm, patients with restrictive cardiomyopathies (cardiac amyloidosis), constrictive cardiac disease (constrictive pericarditis or cardiac-tamponade), congenital heart disease other than foramen ovale, repaired atrial or ventricular septal defect, female patients who are pregnant or lactating, or patients with known psychiatric or neurological disease who are unable to consent. Patients who do not have a functional peripheral IV as part of standard care. Pressors, starches, lipids, propofol, or D10 or higher running through the PIVA line. Distributive Shock Inclusion Criteria: * Cardiopulmonary bypass for cardiac procedures within one hour of arriving in the ICU post-op; Age \>=18 Exclusion Criteria: * Cardiac assist devices (intra-aortic balloon pump, ventricular assist devices, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation), ongoing ACLS, severe tricuspid regurgitation or stenosis, patient with restrictive cardiomyopathies (cardiac amyloidosis), patients receiving pulmonary vasodilators (nitric oxide, sodium nitroprusside, sildenafil), atrial fibrillatio…