The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of pembrolizumab (MK-3745) in the neoadjuvant (prior to surgery) or adjuvant (after surgery) treatment of previously untreated adults with gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma. The primary study hypotheses are that: * Neoadjuvant and adjuvant pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy, followed by adjuvant pembrolizumab is superior to neoadjuvant and adjuvant placebo plus chemotherapy, followed by adjuvant placebo in terms of Event-free Survival (EFS) based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1), and * Neoadjuvant pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy is superior to neoadjuvant placebo plus chemotherapy in terms of rate of Pathological Complete Response (pathCR) at the time of surgery. With Amendment 10, upon study completion, participants will be discontinued and may be enrolled in an extension study.
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Event-free Survival (EFS) Per Response Criteria in Solid Tumors Version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1) - Pembrolizumab+XP/FP and Placebo+XP/FP Treatment Arms
Timeframe: Up to approximately 75 months
Pathological Complete Response (pathCR) Rate - Pembrolizumab+XP/FP and Placebo+XP/FP Treatment Arms
Timeframe: Up to approximately 9 weeks following completion of neoadjuvant treatment (up to Study Week 18)
Overall Survival (OS) - Pembrolizumab+XP/FP and Placebo+XP/FP Treatment Arms
Timeframe: Up to approximately 75 months
Number of Participants Who Experienced One or More Adverse Events (AEs) - Pembrolizumab+FLOT and Placebo+FLOT Cohorts
Timeframe: Up to approximately 70 months
Number of Participants Who Discontinued Study Treatment Due to an AE - Pembrolizumab+FLOT and Placebo+FLOT Cohorts
Timeframe: Up to approximately 17 months