Chronic Convection Enhanced Delivery of Topotecan

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients must have a recurrent malignant glioma (World Health Organization (WHO) grade III-IV), including recurrent glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, and anaplastic ependymoma. Stereotactic biopsies will be performed to confirm this diagnosis prior to initiating the treatment. * Patients with tumors of the brain must have been previously treated with surgical resection, external beam radiation, and temozolomide chemotherapy. * An magnetic resonance (MR) scan must be obtained within 30 days of enrollment and must demonstrate an enhancing mass without significant mass effect. Tumors must be less than 32 cc in total volume. The lesion must be stereotactically accessible. * Patients must have demonstrated evidence of increasing contrast enhancement on MR or computed tomography (CT) imaging while on stable or increasing dose of steroid. * Karnofsky performance score of greater than or equal to 60. * Men and women of childbearing potential must practice birth control. Women of child bearing potential must have a urine pregnancy test within 7 days of study entry. * Patients must possess the ability to give Informed Consent. * Patients must be willing to and medically capable of undergoing the surgical operation. * There is no upper age limit. Patients at extreme upper end of the age spectrum will not be automatically excluded, but will be carefully scrutinized to determine their suitability for thi…