Percutaneous Temporary Placement of a Phrenic Nerve Stimulator for Diaphragm Pacing

Inclusion Criteria: * 18 years of age or older * have been mechanically ventilated for \> or = to 96 hours (4 days), and * have satisfied the Readiness-to-Wean criteria and * have failed at least two VLTs, one of which is the study specific VLT. Exclusion Criteria: * currently on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); * weaning failure due to hypervolemia; * medical history or known anatomy that prevents insertion of the LIVE Catheter into the left subclavian vein; * currently being treated with neuromuscular blockade; * clinically overt congestive heart failure that is preventing weaning; * pre-existing neuromuscular diseases that could affect the respiratory muscles; * pre-existing severe chronic pulmonary fibrosis; * pleural effusions occupying greater than one third of the pleural space on either side; * BMI \> or = 40; * known or suspected phrenic nerve paralysis; * any electrical device (implanted or external) that may be prone to interaction with or interference from the Lungpacer DPTS including neurological pacing/stimulator devices, cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators; * prior bacteremia reported within the last 48 hours; * current hemodynamic instability, sepsis or septic shock; * terminally ill with 6 months or less life expectancy or not committed to full care; * known or suspected to be pregnant or lactating; and * currently being treated in another clinical trial studying an experimental treatment that could affect the study primary outcome.