Overdose of xenobiotics (antihistamines, antipsychotics, or Jimson Weed) with resulting antimuscarinic toxidrome is a common scenario in medical toxicology. The result of antagonism of muscarinic receptors is a constellation of signs and symptoms (toxidrome): mydriasis, decreased sweat, decreased bowel sounds, agitation, delirium, hallucinations, urinary retention, tachycardia, flushed skin and seizures. Two treatment options are physostigmine or benzodiazepines. Although the antimuscarinic toxidrome occurs commonly, physostigmine has been used sparingly despite evidence of safety and efficacy. To demonstrate the utility and safety of physostigmine, the investigators propose a randomized clinical trial of physostigmine compared to benzodiazepine for antimuscarinic toxicity.
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Comparison of RASS Score Between Physostigmine and Lorazepam: Before Bolus
Timeframe: Baseline, immediately before bolus
Comparison of RASS Score Between Physostigmine and Lorazepam: After Bolus
Timeframe: Immediately after bolus, up to 10 minutes post-Baseline
Comparison of RASS Score Between Physostigmine and Lorazepam: 4 Hours
Timeframe: 4 hours
Comparison of the Effectiveness in Control of Delirium Between Physostigmine and Lorazepam: Before Bolus
Timeframe: Baseline, immediately before bolus
Comparison of the Effectiveness in Control of Delirium Between Physostigmine and Lorazepam: After Bolus
Timeframe: Immediately after bolus, up to 10 minutes post-Baseline
Comparison of the Effectiveness in Control of Delirium Between Physostigmine and Lorazepam: 4 Hours
Timeframe: 4 hours