In the last few years, a new clinical entity has emerged which includes patients who consider themselves to be suffering from problems caused by wheat and/or gluten ingestion, even though they do not have celiac disease (CD) or wheat allergy. This clinical condition has been named non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), although in a recent article, the investigators suggested the term "non-celiac wheat sensitivity" (NCWS), because it is not known to date what component of wheat actually causes the symptoms. The clinical picture of NCWS is characterized by combined gastrointestinal (bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea and/or constipation, nausea, epigastric pain, gastroesophageal reflux, aphthous stomatitis) and very different extra-intestinal and systemic manifestations (headache, depression, anxiety, 'foggy mind,' tiredness, dermatitis or skin rash, fibromyalgia-like joint/muscle pain, leg or arm numbness, and anemia). Nowadays, there no data about a possible relationship between gynaecological disorders and food ingestion and food allergy/intolerance. Therefore, the aims of the present study are to investigate 1) the prevalence and characteristics of gynaecological disorders in NCWS patients compared to healthy, CD and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) controls, 2) the modification of such disorders in NCWS patients after a gluten (wheat)-free diet, and 3) whether cytological alterations could be identified on samples taken during Papanicolaou (PAP) tests performed in NCWS patients with uro-gynecological disorders on strict WFD and after a 7-day open challenge with wheat.
Age range
18 Years – 65 Years
Sex
FEMALE
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Gynaecological disorders in NCWS female patients at baseline
Timeframe: Up to 200 months