The primary purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of integrating a smoking cessation intervention for cigarette smokers enrolled in an outpatient program for opioid dependence. The secondary purpose was to compare treatment effects as a function of phase in the outpatient program: 0-90 days (weekly attendance), 90 days-1 year (biweekly attendance), and more than 1 year (monthly attendance).
Who can participate
Age range
18 Years
Sex
ALL
See this in plain English?
AI-rewrites the medical criteria so a patient or caregiver can understand them. Always confirm with the trial site.
Inclusion Criteria:
* enrolled in the Comprehensive Opioid Addiction Treatment (COAT) program
* report smoking \>10 cigarettes per day for \>1 year
* provide an expired air carbon monoxide (CO) reading of \>10 parts/million (ppm)
* report interest in making a quit attempt in the next 1-6 months (Contemplation or Preparation stages via the Stage of Change; Prochaska \& Diclemente, 1983)
* willing to try varenicline for smoking cessation
Exclusion Criteria:
* current engagement in any form of tobacco cessation (e.g., pharmacotherapy)
* current use of contraindicated medications (e.g., theophylline, warfarin, insulin)
* Stage of Change category as Precontemplation (no plans to quit), Action (actively trying to quit), or Maintenance (have already quit)
* self-reported seizures in the past year
* untreated cardiovascular disease
* self-report breast-feeding
* pregnancy (verified by urinalysis)
* not within 4 weeks of advancing to the next COAT group
Questions worth asking your doctor
Bring these to your next appointment. They're a starting point for a shared conversation — not a sign you qualify or a recommendation to enrol.
1Based on my diagnosis and history, is this trial worth exploring for me — or is there a standard treatment we should try first?
2What does this trial's phase tell us about how much is already known about its safety and benefit?
3What would taking part actually involve for me — visits, tests, time, and travel?
4What are the known and possible risks or side effects I should weigh, and how would they be monitored?
5If this trial isn't the right fit, what other options or trials would you suggest I look into?
Generated to help you prepare — always confirm anything about your own eligibility and care with the study team and your doctor.
Questions for the trial coordinator
The trial coordinator is the person who runs the study day to day. These cover the practical side — logistics, costs, and what taking part would actually mean for your life. The study team confirms whether you meet the criteria; these are questions to ask, not a sign you qualify.
1What does taking part actually involve week to week — how many visits, where, and how long does each one take?
2What costs are covered by the study, and what might I have to pay for myself, including travel, parking, or time off work?
3What happens during screening, and what happens if the study team confirms I don't meet the criteria after those tests?
4Who pays for the scans, blood work, and other tests the trial requires — the study, my insurance, or me?
5How will being in the trial affect my regular care, and will my own doctor stay informed and involved?
6Can I leave the trial at any point if I change my mind, and what would happen to my care if I do?
A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.
What they're measuring
1
Recruitment, Assignment to Treatment, and Retention Rates
Timeframe: up to 12 weeks
2
Percentage of Days on Which Participants Experienced Each Reason for Attrition