Meta-analyses of Impotrant Food Sources of Sugars and Incident Cardiometabolic Diseases

Plain-language summary

There is an urgent need for stronger evidence to support recommendations for the role of sugars in diabetes and related cardiometabolic diseases. Although large prospective cohort studies have shown a significant positive association of fructose-containing sugars-sweetened beverages with incident obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and stroke, these associations do not appear to hold true for total fructose-containing sugars and other important sources of free fructose-containing sugars such as pure fruit juice, yogurt, or even cakes and sweets. As dietary guidelines have moved away from macronutrient centric recommendations towards more food and dietary-pattern based recommendations, this inconsistency in the data has not been appreciated. There remains a focus on free sugars, in the absence of sufficient information on the role of different food sources of fructose-containing sugars in diabetes and related cardiometabolic diseases. A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies is considered to be the "Gold Standard" of evidence. To provide evidence-based guidance to support the development of public health policy in relation sugars and the primary prevention of diabetes, we will conduct a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the relation of food sources of fructose-containing sugars with incident type 2 diabetes and related cardiometabolic diseases in prospective cohort studies.

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