The Effect of Music Therapy Intervention on Pain and Anxiety in Adult Patients Undergoing Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Inclusion Criteria: * Age greater than or equal to 18 years of age * Body mass: 50-125 kg (inclusive ) * Elective total or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty surgery by the study investigator * Gender: male or female (non-pregnant) * American Society of Anesthesiologists physical classification scale 1-3 * Fluent in written and spoken English * Patients capable of giving informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Age less than 18 years of age * Non-elective surgery by the study investigator * Pregnancy * American Society of Anesthesiologists physical classification scale 4-5 * Non-English speaking persons * Diagnosis of cognitive disorder or musicogenic epilepsy * Pre-existing hearing problems, defined as inability to independently hear speech or music at average volume * Diagnosis of cognitive disorder including psychosis and dementia and/or musicogenic epilepsy * Anatomical abnormalities of the shoulder such as cancerous lesions or congenital defects