The Effect of Hepatic Vein Pressure Gradient(HVPG)-Guided Therapy in Cirrhotic Patients With Esophagogastric Varices

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with cirrhosis diagnosed by histology, radiological evidence of cirrhosis, and endoscopic evidence of varices; * Patients with a previous history of variceal hemorrhage; * Patients admitted to Zhongshan Hospital and other 6 tertiary centers in Shanghai from Dec 1, 2015 to Sep 31,2018 Exclusion Criteria: * Patients already taken secondary prophylactic treatment including endoscopic, pharmacological, surgical and interventional therapies; * Patients with severe systemic diseases such as chronic heart failure or chronic renal failure that will have impact on survival; * Patients in pregnancy and lactation; * Patients already diagnosed with hepatic cellular carcinoma or other malignant tumors; * Patients with contraindication to treatment of endoscopy, surgery and TIPS: severe coagulation defects, allergic to contrast medium used in TIPS, hepatic encephalopathy, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; * Patients with conditions that will influence the accuracy of HVPG measurement: Cavernous transformation of portal vein, diffused portal vein thrombosis, severe shunt; * Patients refuse to give consent to the study.