Pathophysiology of the Upper Airway in Patients With COPD and Concomitant OSA

Inclusion Criteria for COPD Subjects: * Age range 40-70 years. * Demonstrated moderate to severe COPD as determined by spirometry (post-bronchodilator spirometry FEV1/FVC \< 0.70 for diagnosing CODP and FEV1\<80% predicted for staging) * Smoking history of ≥ 10 pack-years Inclusion Criteria for Control Subjects * Age range 40-70 years * Demonstrated no COPD as determined by normal spirometry (post-bronchodilator spirometry FEV1/FVC \> 0.70 for diagnosing CODP and FEV1\<80% predicted for staging) * No smoking history as defined by less than 100 cigarettes smoked in a lifetime Exclusion Criteria for both COPD and Control Subjects: * Metal objects that may interfere with chest CT quantification including presence of a cardiac pacemaker, defibrillator, metal prosthetic heart valve, metal projectile or metal weapon fragment (bullet, shrapnel, shotgun shot) or metal shoulder prosthesis * Subjects unable to perform spirometry due to: * chest or abdominal surgery in the past three months * a heart attack in the last three months * detached retina or eye surgery in the past three months * hospitalization for any other heart problem in the past month * History of hypersensitivity to Afrin, Lidocaine or albuterol * A psychiatric disorder, other than mild depression; e.g. schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, panic or anxiety disorders. * More than 10 cups of beverages with caffeine (coffee, tea, soda/pop) per day * Pregnancy or suspected pregnancy