The objective of this randomized clinical trial is to assess and compare the effectiveness of directed closed-glottis (Valsalva) pushing (pushing while holding one's breath) vs. directed open-glottis pushing (pushing during a prolonged exhalation) during the second stage of labor. The study hypothesis is that open-glottis pushing results in better maternal and neonatal outcomes, in particular for maternal pelvic floor and continence function.
Age range
18 Years
Sex
FEMALE
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A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.
composite criterion: spontaneous delivery without perineal lesion
Timeframe: at day 1