Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a very prevalent metabolic disorder in the adult population affecting roughly 17.7 million people in the US alone. The harmful effect of DM on implant integration and survival has been attributed to vascular complications in the alveolar bone that lead to compromised blood supply and decreased bone density. Nonetheless, the specific detrimental effects of DM in the alveolar bone have not been investigated in humans. People with DM generally lose more teeth than persons without diabetes, but implant placement in not well controlled diabetics is not routinely performed due to the lack of relevant evidence and the risk for implant failure and associated complications. Chemically modified, micro-rough, hydrophilic (SLActive®) titanium implant surfaces have been shown to accelerate osseointegration of dental implants placed in diabetic animals. It has been hypothesized that this enhanced biologic response is due to the biocompatibility and hydrophilicity of the surface that actively attracts blood and is populated by progenitor cells, and growth factors that improve stromal cell differentiation. Hypotheses: It is hypothesized that hyperglycemia results in compromised vascularity in the mandible. Thus, hydrophilic TiZr implant surfaces (Roxolid®) that actively attract fluids and possess excellent osteoconductive properties, may enhance peri-implant bone response in diabetic patients to levels comparable to well-controlled diabetics.
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Differences in alveolar bone vascularity among well-controlled and not well-controlled diabetic patients.
Timeframe: Baseline (intra-operative bone sample)