Low Frequency Electrical Stimulation of the Fornix in Intractable Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (MTLE)

Inclusion Criteria: * Participants are between the ages of 18 -65 years of age * Participants must have had a non-invasive video-EEG monitoring revealing seizure semiology and ictal EEG consistent with unilateral or bilateral MTLE * Participants must have tried and failed two trials of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) * Participants may have lesional or non lesional hippocampi, as evidenced by brain MRI acquired within the previous two years * Participants are prescribed and taking 1-4 AEDs at the time of study entry * Study participants will have intractable (MTLE) with a seizure frequency of at least 1/month averaged over the preceding 6 months prior to enrollment, including maximum seizure-freedom periods of no more than 60 days. * Participants must have a platelet count greater than 125,000 per cubic millimeter and prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) within normal limits at the visit prior to surgery Exclusion Criteria: * Progressive neurological or medical diseases, such as brain tumors or neurodegenerative disease or cancer * Non-compliance with antiepileptic medications as demonstrated by the medical record * Any conditions interfering with electrode implantation * Any non-epileptic seizures * Inability or unwillingness to complete neuropsychological tests or complete seizure diaries * Current drug or alcohol use or dependence that, in the opinion of the site investigator, would interfere with adherence to study requirements * Pregnant, …