Using MRI-Guided Laser Heat Ablation to Induce Disruption of the Peritumoral Blood Brain Barrier to Enhance Delivery and Efficacy of Treatment of Pediatric Brain Tumors

Inclusion Criteria: ARM A * Presumed pediatric gliomas (grades I-IV) on MRI that are determined to be candidates for MLA by the treating neurosurgeon * Age 3 to ≤ 21 * Karnofsky/Lansky performance status ≥ 60% ARM B * Recurrent pediatric brain tumors determined candidates for MLA as determined by the treating neurosurgeon. * Unequivocal evidence of tumor progression by MRI * There must be an interval of at least 12 weeks from the completion of radiotherapy to study registration except if there is unequivocal evidence for tumor recurrence per RANO criteria. When the interval is less than 12 weeks from the completion of radiotherapy, the use of PET scan is allowed to differentiate between evidence of tumor recurrence and pseudoprogression. * Recurrent lesions with dimension and contour that are determined by the treating neurosurgeon to be appropriate for MLA. * Age 3 to ≤ 21 * Karnofsky/Lansky performance status ≥ 60% * Adequate cardiac function as determined by a shortening fraction ≥ 27% or left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 50% by echocardiogram within the past 1 year prior to registration. * Prior anthracycline therapy does not exceed 200 mg/m\^2 total cumulative dose. * Adequate bone marrow and hepatic function as defined below (must be within 7 days of MLA): * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1000/mcl (G-CSF is allowed) * Platelets ≥ 100 K/cumm * Hemoglobin ≥ 9 g/dL (pRBC transfusion +/- ESA are allowed) * ALT ≤ 3 x ULN * AST ≤ 3 x ULN * ALP ≤ 3 x ULN…