SMART-SF Radiofrequency Ablation Safety Study

Inclusion Criteria: * Symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) who have had at least one AF episode electrocardiographically documented within one (1) year prior to enrollment and a physician's note indicating recurrent, self-terminating AF. Electrocardiographic documentation may include, but is not limited to, electrocardiogram (ECG), transtelephonic monitor (TTM), Holter monitor (HM), or telemetry strip * Failed at least one antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) (class I or III, or atrioventricular (AV) nodal blocking agents such as beta blockers and calcium channel blockers) as evidenced by recurrent symptomatic AF, or intolerable to the AAD * Age 18 years or older Exclusion Criteria: * Atrial fibrillation secondary to electrolyte imbalance, thyroid disease, or reversible or non-cardiac cause * Previous surgical or catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation * Amiodarone at any time during the past 3 months * Any percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), cardiac surgery, or valvular cardiac surgical or percutaneous procedure (e.g., ventriculotomy, atriotomy, and valve repair or replacement and presence of a prosthetic valve) within the past 2 months * Any carotid stenting or endarterectomy * Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery within the past 6 months * AF episodes lasting \>7 days * Documented left atrial (LA) thrombus on imaging * LA size \>50 mm * Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) \< 40% * Contraindication to anticoagulation (heparin or warfarin) * History o…