Talazoparib in Treating Patients With Recurrent, Refractory, Advanced, or Metastatic Cancers and Alterations in the BRCA Genes

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with advanced or metastatic cancer that is refractory to standard therapy or has relapsed after standard therapy * Patients must have one of the following: somatic mutations or deletions in BRCA1 or BRCA2; genomic alterations in other BRCA pathway genes (subcohorts: a. ATM, b. PALB2, c. other genes, e.g. Fanconi Anemia genes, ARID1A, MER11, RAD50, NBS1, ATR; amplification of EMSY); or germline mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA 2 (not breast or ovarian cancer) * Patients must have measurable disease by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 0-1 * Absolute neutrophil count \>= 1500/mL * Platelets \>= 100,000/mL * Hemoglobin \>= 9 g/dL (or \>= 5.6 mmol/L) * Serum creatinine =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (or glomerular filtration rate \[GFR\] \>= 60 ml/min for patients with creatinine \> 1.5 x ULN) * Serum total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x ULN (direct bilirubin =\< ULN if total bilirubin \[bili\] \> 1.5 x ULN) * Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase \[SGOT\]) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase \[SGPT\]) =\< 2.5 x ULN (or =\< 5 x ULN if liver metastases \[mets\]) * International normalized ratio (INR) or prothrombin time (PT) =\< 1.5 x ULN unless subject is receiving anticoagulant therapy as long as PT or partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is within therapeutic range of intended use of anticoagulant…