Talazoparib Before Standard Therapy in Treating Patients With Invasive, BRCA-Mutated Breast Cancer

Inclusion Criteria: * Signed written informed consent * Histologically confirmed primary invasive adenocarcinoma of the breast with the size of the primary tumor being at least 1 cm on imaging by either mammography, ultrasound or breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) * Negative human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)/neu- disease defined as patients with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) ratio \< 2.0 or \< 6.0 HER2 gene copies per nucleus, and IHC staining scores of 0, 1+, or 2+ * No treatment for current primary invasive adenocarcinoma of the breast such as irradiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, investigational therapy or surgery; previous treatment for breast and/or ovarian cancer with chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, surgery and radiation are allowed if \>= 3 years prior to current diagnosis and there is no clinical evidence of metastatic disease * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-1 * Baseline multi gated acquisition scan (MUGA) or echocardiogram scans with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of \> 50% * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1,500/uL * Platelets \>= 100,000/uL * Hemoglobin (Hgb) \>= 9 g/dL * Creatinine clearance \> 50 ml/min * Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 X upper limit of normal (ULN) * Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) \< 2.5 X ULN * Negative serum or urine pregnancy test for women within 7 days of receiving the first dose of the study medication for women of childbea…