The hypothesis of the study is that individuals with poor pulmonary function secondary to TIS will benefit from expansion thoracoplasty. The investigators specific aims are to: 1. Record pulmonary function and thoracic volume of TIS patients at enrollment and with serial observation 2. Offer expansion thoracoplasty therapy to TIS patients with 1. poor pulmonary function at enrollment 2. progressive decline in pulmonary function 3. progressive chest wall and/or spinal deformity 4. lack of appropriate increase in thoracic volume during growth 3. Document efficacy of expansion thoracoplasty for TIS patients
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Pulmonary function and thoracic volume of TIS patients
Timeframe: Enrollment (Baseline), Serial Observation Postop (Change from baseline at: 6 week, 12 week, 6 month, and every 6 months after that.)
ffer expansion thoracoplasty therapy to TIS patients meeting certain criteria (provided in description below)
Timeframe: Enrollment (Baseline), Serial Observation Postop (Change from baseline at: 6 week, 12 week, 6 month, and every 6 months after that.)
Document efficacy of expansion thoracoplasty for TIS patients
Timeframe: Enrollment (Baseline), Serial Observation Postop (Change from baseline at: 6 week, 12 week, 6 month, and every 6 months after that.)