Radioactive Stents for Treatment of Unresectable Biliary Tract Cancer

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients were eligible if they had received a histopathological or cytologic diagnosis of nonresectable, recurrent, or metastatic biliary tract carcinoma (intrahepatic or extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,or ampullary carcinoma) * Patients aged between 18 and 80 years * an estimated life expectancy of more than 3 months * Disease had to be measurable by computed tomography scan (as assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.0 criteria * TNM stage III-IV * no evidence of cancer of another organ. * no prior chemotherapy for advanced disease was allowed, but adjuvant/neoadjuvant therapy was allowed * Karnofsky index of ≥60% * ECOG index ≥2 * previous technically successful stenting or ENBD derange * Accept of informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Clinically significant cardiovascular disease * coagulation disorders * contraindication of Endoscopic * pregnant or breastfeeding women * known sensitivity sensitivity to investigated agents or components * recent invasive procedure * prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy for biliary cancer * refusal of informed consent