Maternal Adipose Tissue and Placental Dysfunction Programs the Fetus for Type 2 Diabetes (PlacentA-DM)

Pregnant women Inclusion Criteria: * Pregnant women undergoing planned cesarean section at 39 weeks of gestation due to: a) elective cesarean section; b) breach presentation c) repeat cesarean section (the rationale for choosing these women is to select only women that have no other risk factors or complications during pregnancy that might affect the outcome) * Age between 18 and 40 years old * Pre-pregnancy BMI between 20 and 25 kg/m2 (lean) and \>30 kg/m2 (obese) * Singleton pregnancies * Allowing their neonates to participate in the trial Pregnant women Exclusion Criteria: * Taking any medication except pre-natal vitamins and medication to treat normal symptoms of pregnancy like: constipation, nausea, vomiting, gastric reflux, insomnia and pain. * Type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes; chronic or gestational hypertension * Pre-eclampsia, eclampsia during this pregnancy * Liver, kidney, thyroid disease, cancer * Smoking or using illegal drugs or alcohol during this pregnancy * Fetal umbilical blood and/or placenta are collected for another reason, i.e. parents decide on cord blood storage Neonate Inclusion criteria: \- Live neonates born to the study participating mothers Neonate exclusion criteria: \- Neonate distress as to require admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.