Genetic Testing in Screening Patients With Stage IB-IIIA Non-small Cell Lung Cancer That Has Been or Will Be Removed by Surgery (The ALCHEMIST Screening Trial)

Inclusion Criteria: * PATIENT PRE-REGISTRATION ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: * For pre-surgical patients * Suspected diagnosis of resectable non-small cell lung cancer; cancers with a histology of "adenosquamous" are considered a type of adenocarcinoma and thus a "nonsquamous" histology; patients with squamous cell carcinoma are eligible * Suspected clinical stage of IIIA, II (IIA or IIB) or large IB (defined as size \>= 4 cm); Note: IB tumors \< 4 cm are NOT eligible; stage IB cancer based on pleural invasion is not eligible unless the tumor size is \>= 4 cm; the 7th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging will be utilized * For post-surgical patients * Completely resected non-small cell lung cancer with negative margins (R0); patients with squamous cell carcinoma are eligible only if they have not received adjuvant therapy * Pathologic stage IIIA, II (IIA or IIB) or large IB (defined as size \>= 4 cm); Note: IB tumors \< 4 cm are NOT eligible; stage IB cancer based on pleural invasion is not eligible unless the tumor size is \>= 4 cm; the 7th edition of AJCC staging will be utilized * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1 * Age ≥ 18 years * No patients who have received neoadjuvant therapy (chemo- or radio-therapy) for this lung cancer * No locally advanced or metastatic cancer requiring systemic therapy within 5 years prior to registration; no secondary primary lung cancer diagnosed concurrently or within 2 year prior to r…