Carboxylesterase-Expressing Allogeneic Neural Stem Cells and Irinotecan Hydrochloride in Treating Patients With Recurrent High-Grade Gliomas

Inclusion Criteria: * Patient must be able to understand and be willing to sign a written informed consent document * Participant must be willing to comply with study and/or follow-up procedures * Karnofsky performance status \>= 70% * Life expectancy of \>= 3 months * Histologically-confirmed diagnosis of a grade III or IV glioma (including glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, gliosarcoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, or anaplastic oligoastrocytoma), or has a prior, histologically-confirmed, diagnosis of a grade II glioma and now has radiographic findings consistent with a high-grade glioma (grade III or IV) * Imaging studies show evidence of recurrent tumor(s); if a patient is going to be enrolled to dose level two or higher, the patient must have a component of supratentorial disease (so as to enable placement of a Rickham reservoir/catheter) that is amenable to resection or biopsy * High-grade glioma has recurred or progressed after prior treatment with brain radiation and temozolomide * Participant must be in need of a craniotomy for tumor resection or a stereotactic brain biopsy for the purpose of diagnosis or differentiating between tumor progression versus treatment-induced effects following radiation therapy +/- chemotherapy * Based on the neurosurgeon?s judgment, there is no anticipated physical connection between the post-resection tumor cavity and the cerebral ventricles * Neurosurgeon finds the prospective participant is able to undergo neurosurgery * Any numb…