Method To Measure Protein Digestion & Absorption

IInclusion and exclusion criteria for study participation: We will enroll subjects (males and females of all races) based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria described below. All subjects should be able to walk, sit and stand up indepedently. Screening procedures will be done prior to the study. Inclusion criteria - CHF subjects: * Ability to walk, sit down and stand up independently * Age 45 years or older * Ability to lie in supine or elevated position for 9 hours * Diagnosis of CHF; under regular care by cardiologist * Reduced ejection fraction (\<45%) assessed in the past 2 years * NYHA class II-IV * Clinically stable condition; no hospitalization 4 weeks preceding first study day * Willingness and ability to comply with the protocol Inclusion criteria - COPD subjects: * Ability to walk, sit down and stand up independently * Age 45 years or older * Ability to lie in supine or elevated position for 8 hours * Diagnosis of moderate to very severe chronic airflow limitation and compliant to the following criteria: FEV1 \< 70% of reference FEV1 * Clinically stable condition and not suffering from a respiratory tract infection or exacerbation of their disease (defined as a combination of increased cough, sputum purulence, shortness of breath, systemic symptoms such as fever, and a decrease in FEV1 \> 10% compared with values when clinically stable in the preceding year) at least 4 weeks prior to the first test day * Shortness of breath on exertion * Willingness and ability…