Mortality Reduction After Oral Azithromycin: Morbidity Study

Inclusion Criteria: Communities: * The community location in target district. * The community leader consents to participation in the trial * The community's estimated population is between 200-2,000 people. * The community is not in an urban area. Individuals (Intervention): \- Children-treated arms (all 3 sites): All children aged 1-60 months (up to but not including the 5th birthday), as assessed at the most recent biannual census Individuals (Examination \& Sample Collection): * All swabs, blood tests, and stool samples: A random sample of children aged 1-60 months (up to but not including the 5th birthday) based on the previous census * Anthropometric measurements: All children aged 1-60 months (up to but not including the 5th birthday) will have anthropometric measurements assessed. * Nasopharyngeal swabs in untreated children: A random sample of individuals aged 7 - 12 years (7th birthday up to but not including the 12th birthday), as assessed from the previous census * Clinic-based nasopharyngeal swabs: All children aged 1-60 months (up to but not including the 5th birthday) who present to a local health clinic in the study area and report symptoms of a respiratory infection Exclusion Criteria: Individuals: * Pregnant women * All those who are allergic to macrolides or azalides * Refusal of village chief (for village inclusion), or refusal of parent or guardian (for individual inclusion)