Major non-cardiac surgery has a high degree of morbidity and mortality. Recently, measurement of a patient's preoperative cardiorespiratory reserve, performed non-invasively by cardiopulmonary exercise testing, has been shown to be predictive of outcome following non-cardiac surgery. All patients prior to major surgery are starved for a minimum of 6 hours and often longer prior to major elective surgery. It has been shown that elite athletes who are hypohydrated have reduced exercise capacity and lower cardiorespiratory function. These results are further exaggerated in "non-trained" individuals. Therefore, the starvation policy prior to surgery may have a deleterious effect on outcome after surgery. 4.2 AIMS This is a pilot study of health volunteers to assess the role of carbohydrate (CHO) (preload) and carbohydrate-protein (CHO-P) (Highfive energy source 1 in 4) in improving aerobic capacity after a period of fasting mimicking the current starvation policy prior to surgery. Both of these have similar calorific value and only differ in the amount of carbohydrate and protein supplementation.
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1) To determine whether a period of starvation prior to exercise testing adversely affects cardiorespiratory reserve as assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) testing
Timeframe: 14 days