A Study of Apalutamide (ARN-509) in Men With Non-Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Inclusion Criteria: * Histologically or cytologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate without neuroendocrine differentiation or small cell features with high risk for development of metastases, defined as prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSADT) less than or equal to (\<=) 10 months. PSADT is calculated using at least 3 prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values obtained during continuous ADT (androgen deprivation therapy) * Castration-resistant prostate cancer demonstrated during continuous ADT, defined as 3 PSA rises, at least 1 week apart, with the last PSA greater than (\>) 2 nanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) * Maintain castrate levels of testosterone within 4 weeks prior to randomization and throughout the study * Patients currently receiving bone loss prevention treatment with bone-sparing agents must be on stable doses for at least 4 weeks prior to randomization * Patients who received a first generation anti-androgen (for example, bicalutamide, flutamide, nilutamide) must have at least a 4-week washout prior to randomization AND must show continuing disease (PSA) progression (an increase in PSA) after washout * At least 4 weeks must have elapsed from the use of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, estrogens, and any other anti-cancer therapy prior to randomization * At least 4 weeks must have elapsed from major surgery or radiation therapy prior to randomization * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status 0 or 1 * Resolution of all acute toxic effects …