The Effect of VSL#3 Probiotic Preparation on the Bile Acid Metabolism in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inclusion Criteria: Arm CD resected * confirmed diagnosis of Crohn´s disease (at least 6 months) * history of single resection of terminal ileum (at least 6 months before inclusion) * maximum length of resected ileum is 60 cm * no signs of disease activity (clinical, endoscopical, laboratory) * stable medication Arm UC unoperated * confirmed diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (at least 6 months) * no signs of disease activity (clinical, endoscopical, laboratory) * stable medication Arm UC IPAA * confirmed diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (at least 6 months) * proctocolectomy and IPAA (at least 3 months before inclusion) * no signs of disease activity (clinical, endoscopical, laboratory) * stable medication Arm Healthy volunteers * no signs of gastrointestinal disorder * initial laboratory examination within normal range (blood count, liver function tests, C-reactive protein, Fe, ferritin, fecal calprotectin) Exclusion Criteria: * use of bile acids * use of bile acids sequestrants * use of farnesoid X receptor agonists/antagonists * recent colonoscopy(less than 1 month before inclusion) * diabetes