Study of CB-183,315 in Participants With Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea (MK-4261-005)

To be included in this study, participants must: * Sign a consent form; * Be \>= 18 and \< 90 years of age; * Have diarrhea, at least 3 times during one day, or 200 mL or liquid stool if using a rectal device; * Test positive for Clostridium difficile; * If female, must not be pregnant or nursing and take appropriate measures to not get pregnant during the study. Participants will not be allowed into the study if they: * Have toxic megacolon and/or known small bowel ileus; * Have received treatment with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) within the past 30 days; * Have received treatment with a fecal transplant within 7 days, and/or if the doctor anticipates to give the participant a fecal transplant during the study; * Have received a certain amount of antibacterial therapy specific for current CDAD, unless it is not working; * Have received an investigational vaccine against C. difficile; * Have received an investigational product containing monoclonal antibodies against toxin A or B within 180 days; * Had more than 2 episodes of CDAD within 90 days; * Had major gastrointestinal (GI) surgery (i.e. significant bowel resection) within 3 months (this does not include appendectomy or cholecystectomy); * Have history of prior inflammatory bowel disease: ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, or microscopic colitis; * Are unable to discontinue loperamide, diphenoxylate/atropine, or cholestyramine during the duration of the study; * Are unable to discontinue opiate treatment unle…