Maternal Genitourinary Infections and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes

Inclusion Criteria: All women who become pregnant in the study area will be eligible to participate in the trial. We will identify women with missed periods through monthly surveillance by health workers and identify pregnant women by positive pregnancy test conducted by CHWs. Thus enrollment may begin as soon as 5 weeks gestation and will continue until 19 weeks gestation. A sample of women who are enrolled early in gestation (\<12 weeks), will be considered for enrolment in the gestational age sub-study. The first CHW visit for screening for abnormal vaginal flora and urinary tract infection will occur after the initial enrollment between 13-19 weeks. Their infants will enrolled as well. Exclusion Criteria: Subjects will be excluded from the study if they have no recall or uncertain report of LMP (due to lactational amenorrhea, recent discontinuation of contraceptive or irregular menses), history of irregular bleeding due to injectable depoprovera, or history of severe chronic disease based on their self-reported history on a medical history checklist. For women reporting a missed period during pregnancy surveillance, the CHW will perform a urine pregnancy test to confirm the pregnancy and keep a log of all positive pregnancy tests and LMP. Pregnant women who are uncertain or refuse to participate at the initial visit will be allowed time to consider and enroll at the next study visit if they still meet inclusion criteria. Women will be given information regarding the s…