Paired Associative Stimulation in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Patients With Schizophrenia

Inclusion Criteria for patients: * Age 18 or above * All races and ethnicities. * Females and males. * Meet DSM-IV TR criteria for a current diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. * Clinically stable as operationalized by (1) either having not been hospitalized within 3 months or having been hospitalized for 3 months or more prior to assessment, and (2) having had no change in antipsychotic medication dosage within the 4 weeks prior to assessment. * Willingness and ability to speak English * Willingness to provide informed consent * Corrected visual ability that enables reading of newspaper headlines and corrected hearing capacity that is adequate to respond to a raised conversational voice. Exclusion Criteria for patients: * Meets criteria for a cognitive disorder secondary to a neurological or other medical disorder affecting the central nervous system (for example, multiple sclerosis, history of traumatic brain injury, stroke, untreated hypothyroidism). * Mini Mental Status Examination score of 17 and less because a subject with a very low MMSE score is unlikely to be able to compete the NP battery. * Diagnosis of bipolar disorder or current major depressive episode. * Meets diagnostic criteria for current alcohol or other drug dependence within 6 months of testing * Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) within 6 months of testing. * Left handedness. * Incompetency to consent Inclusion Criteria for controls: * Age 18 or above * Willingness and ability to sp…