This trial is evaluating a public health intervention strategy trial which aims to reduce the incidence of HIV at a population-level. The proposed strategy is a two steps process: * Extensive HIV counselling and testing, and comprehensive prevention programme among a target population * Immediate ART initiation after HIV diagnosis, irrespective of CD4 count criteria. The underlaying trial hypothesis is that HIV testing followed by immediate ART initiation of all HIV-infected individuals will prevent onward transmission and reduce HIV incidence in the population. This is a cluster randomised controlled trial with a total of 22 communities used as the units for randomisation. Enrolment of a population of 22 000 individuals among which 4 400 are expected to be HIV-Infected.
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Uptake of initial and repeat HIV counselling and testing (Feasibility phase)
Timeframe: 14 months
Uptake of ARV treatment among HIV-infected individuals (Feasibility phase)
Timeframe: 14 months
HIV infection incidence
Timeframe: 4 years after enrolment initiation