Corticosteroids for Children With Febrile Urinary Tract Infections

Inclusion Criteria: * Age: 2 months to 6 years * Pyuria: ≥10 white blood cells per cubic millimeter (WBC/mm3) in an uncentrifuged specimen or ≥5 white blood cells per high power field (WBC/hpf) in a centrifuged specimen or ≥1+ leukocyte esterase (LE) on dipstick * Fever: documented temperature of at least 101 °F or 38.3°C, measured anywhere on the body either at home or at doctor's office within 24 hours of diagnosis Exclusion Criteria: * Other concurrent systemic bacterial infection(s) such as meningitis or pneumonia; * Planned admission to intensive care unit; * Known bacteremia; * Previous protocol defined UTI; * Known major urinary tract anomalies (severe hydronephrosis, ureterocele, urethral valve, solitary or profoundly small kidney, multicystic dysplastic kidney, neurogenic bladder, pelvic or fused kidney); * Congenital/acquired immunodeficiency; * Bag urine collection * Chronic diseases that could potentially interfere with response to therapy, such as chronic gastrointestinal conditions (i.e. malabsorption, inflammatory bowel disease), liver/kidney failure; * Allergy to dexamethasone * Antibiotic use within 7 days of enrollment (except if given in the last 48 hours) * Systemic use of corticosteroids or other immunomodulating agents within 14 days of enrollment * History of Kawasaki disease * Sickle cell disease (not trait)