Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is the most frequent glomerular disease in childhood. Currently, all children with INS are treated at onset with steroids. The optimal duration and dosage of steroid therapy is debated. For each patient, the challenge is to minimise potential side effects of steroids, while achieving a good clinical response. The aim of our study is to assess the benefits and potential adverse effects of a prolonged initial corticosteroid regimen, for the treatment of the initial episode. The results will be compared with data obtained retrospectively. In addition genetic studies will be undertaken with the aim of evaluating pharmacodynamics of steroid treatment with the ultimate goal to individualise treatment in single patients. 1. Study group: children aged 6 months - 18 years, diagnosed with an initial episode of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome 2. Control group: data of children with a onset INS between January 2007 and December 2009 from the same area of the study group and treated with a short steroid regimen will be retrospectively analysed and compared
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