Comparing Acute and Continuous Drug Abuse Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Inclusion Criteria: To be eligible for the study, a subject must: * At least 18 years of age * Meet current dependence criteria for stimulants (cocaine/other), opioids (heroin/other), and/or alcohol (if also dependent on cocaine or opioids). Persons who are opioid dependent are eligible if they are not in methadone maintenance therapy; they will be eligible if they are in short-term buprenorphine detoxification * Self-report use of a primary drug of dependence in the past 60 days; 4) be admitted to outpatient care at Maryhaven * Willing to participate in the protocol (i.e., to be randomized to treatment condition and agree to attend regular treatment sessions). Exclusion Criteria: * Potential subjects will be excluded if they: 1) present with current suicide risk * Have a current, untreated psychotic disorder * Plan to relocate outside of the area within 12 months * Have been sentenced to incarceration of more than 30 days over the next 6 months * Are alcohol dependent without current dependence on cocaine or opioids.