Maraviroc (CCR5) Antagonism to Decrease the Incidence of the Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in HIV-Infected Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * HIV-1 infection, as documented by any licensed rapid test kit and confirmed by Western blot or ELISA test kit at any time prior to study enrollment. Plasma HIV-1 RNA is acceptable as an alternative confirmatory test. * Men and women age \> 18 years. * Have not received any antiretroviral treatment before entering the study. * Patients who received Single dose nevirapine or any duration of AZT for PMTC will not be considered ARV naïve. * CD4+ cell count of \</=100 cells/mm3 obtained within 90 days prior to study entry. * HIV RNA level \> 1,000 copies/mL obtained within 90 days prior to study entry. * Patients with an opportunistic or HIV-related infection may be included according to the clinical judgment of the main investigator in each center when the patient is ready and able to start ARV therapy. * Laboratory values obtained within 30 days prior to study entry: * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \> 500/mm3. * Hemoglobin \> 8.0 g/dL. * Platelet count \> 50,000/mm3. * AST (SGOT), ALT (SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase minor of 5 times ULN. * Total bilirubin minor of 2.5 times ULN. * Creatinine clearance minor of 50\* mL/min as estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault equation or Creatinine Clearance \> 50ml/min as calculated by a formal creatinine clearance measurement * All women of reproductive potential (have not reached menopause or undergone hysterectomy, oophorectomy, or tubal ligation) must have a negative serum or urine b-HCG pregnancy test…