Donor Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant and Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy in Treating Patients With High-Risk Advanced Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, or Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with advanced AML or ALL defined as beyond first remission, primary refractory disease, or evolved from myelodysplastic or myeloproliferative syndromes; or patients with MDS expressed as refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB), refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD), RCMD with ringed sideroblasts (RCMD-RS), or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) * Patients not in remission must have CD45-expressing leukemic blasts; patients in remission do not require phenotyping and may have leukemia previously documented to be CD45 negative (because in remission patients, virtually all antibody binding is to nonmalignant cells which make up \>= 95% of nucleated cells in the marrow) * Patients should have a circulating blast count of less than 10,000/mm\^3 (control with hydroxyurea or similar agent is allowed) * Patients must have an estimated creatinine clearance greater than 50/mL per minute * Bilirubin \< 2 times the upper limit of normal * Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \< 2 times the upper limit of normal * Karnofsky score \>= 70 or Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) =\< 2 * Patients must have an expected survival of \> 60 days and must be free of active infection * Patients must have an human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling donor or an HLA-matched unrelated donor who meets standard Seattle Cancer Care Alliance (SCCA) and/or National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) or other donor ce…