The Natural History of Gene Expression in the Lung Cells of Non-Smokers, Smokers and Ex-Smokers in Health and Disease

Inclusion Criteria: Group A: Healthy nonsmokers * All study individuals should be enrolled in the "Airway" protocol #1204012331 "Collection of Airway, Blood and/or Urine Specimens from Subjects for Research Studies" * Willing and able to provide informed consent for the long term follow up study with repeated bronchoscopies * Male and Female subject ≥18 years of age * Never smokers is defined as someone who has smoked \< 100 cigarettes per lifetime and whose urine nicotine \<2 ng/mL and/or urine cotinine \<5 ng/mL, at entry into the study Group B: Healthy current smokers Inclusion: * All study individuals should be enrolled in the "Airway" protocol * Willing and able to provide informed consent for the long term follow up study with repeated bronchoscopies * Male and Female subject ≥18 years of age * Active smoker as evidenced by self-report and urine nicotine \>30 ng/mL and/or urine cotinine \>50 ng/mL Group C: Healthy smokers who elect to stop smoking Inclusion: * All study individuals should be enrolled in the "Airway" protocol * Willing and able to provide informed consent for the long term follow up study with repeated bronchoscopies * Male and Female subject ≥18 years of age * Current smoker as evidenced by self-report and urine nicotine \>30 ng/mL and/or urine cotinine \>50 ng/mL * Be a current smoker willing to stop smoking Group D - Current smokers with COPD Inclusion: * All study subjects will be enrolled in the "Airway" protocol #1204012331 "Collection of A…