The purpose of this research is to compare the ability of a new investigational smallpox vaccine called IMVAMUNE® to produce a strong immune response against smallpox disease if given as one single, higher dose compared with two lower doses given one month apart. Another purpose of the study is to see how quickly someone might be protected against smallpox. Volunteers will be vaccinia-naïve adults age 18 and older (born after 1971) divided into 2 groups. Volunteers in Group A will receive a high dose of vaccine given in 2 shots on day 0 followed by a placebo (inactive substance) shot on day 28. Group B will receive the standard dose of vaccine and placebo given in 2 shots on day 0 followed by a standard dose shot on Day 28. Study participation will include 10 planned study visits over approximately 7 months.
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Time to Seroconversion After One Vaccination Using Bavarian Nordic's (BN) Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in the Intent-to-Treat (ITT) Population
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 8, 14, 21, and 28 after first vaccination
Time to Seroconversion After One Vaccination Using BN ELISA in the Per Protocol Population
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 8, 14, 21, and 28 after first vaccination
Frequency of Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) Related to Vaccination
Timeframe: Day 0 after first vaccination to study completion through Day 180 after second vaccination (Day 208 after first vaccination)
Frequency of Non-Serious AEs Related to Vaccination
Timeframe: Day 0 after first vaccination to Day 28 after second vaccination (Day 56 after first vaccination)
Frequency of Local Solicited Reactogenicity AEs for Subjective Symptoms
Timeframe: Day 0 through Day 15 after first vaccination; Day 0 through Day 15 after second vaccination (Day 28 through Day 43 after first vaccination)
Frequency of Local Solicited Reactogenicity AEs for Measured Symptoms
Timeframe: Day 0 through Day 15 after first vaccination; Day 0 through Day 15 after second vaccination (Day 28 through Day 43 after first vaccination)
Frequency of Systemic Solicited Reactogenicity AEs
Timeframe: Day 0 through Day 15 after first vaccination; Day 0 through Day 15 after second vaccination (Day 28 through Day 43 after first vaccination)