Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Immune Reconstitution Syndrome Trial (THIRST)

Inclusion Criteria: * HIV Infection is documented by rapid HIV test or any licensed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kit and confirmed with a different sample. * Men or women admitted to Kibongoto or Marangu Hospitals with (a) recent (within 56 days) smear positive tuberculosis (pulmonary or extrapulmonary,) (b)total lymphocyte count \<1,200/mm3, and (c) less than 14 days of antituberculous therapy. * Antiretroviral naive with the exception of regimens used to prevent mother-to-infant transmission of HIV during pregnancy. * The following laboratory values obtained within 45 days prior to study entry: absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>=700/mm³, hemoglobin \> 8 g/dL in women; \>9 g/dL in men, serum creatinine \<= 1.5 times upper limits of normal, AST \<5 times upper limits of normal. * For all women of reproductive potential (who have not reached menopause or undergone hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, or tubal ligation), a negative urine pregnancy test within 48 hours of to study. * All subjects must agree not to participate in a conception process (e.g., active attempt to become pregnant or to impregnate) and if participating in sexual activity that could lead to pregnancy, the female subject/male partner must use condoms (male or female) without a spermicidal agent. * Not intending to relocate out of area for the duration of study participation. * Willingness of subject to adhere to follow up schedule. * Men and women \>= age 13. * Ability and willingness …