Study of Buprenorphine Maintenance Treatment for Opioid Dependence in Primary Care

Inclusion Criteria: * DSM-IV criteria for current opioid dependence * Must be seeking treatment * Must describe opioid medication or heroin as primary drug of abuse * Must be financially able to receive treatment at the primary care clinic site and to receive medication (e.g., Medicaid) * Able to give informed consent and comply with study procedures Exclusion Criteria: * Axis I psychiatric disorder(s) as defined by DSM-IV-TR that are unstable or would be disrupted by study participation * Individuals at significant risk for suicide based on current mental state * DSM-IV dependence with physiologic dependence other than opioid and nicotine * Women must not be pregnant or lactating, and must agree to use a proven effective method of contraception and not become pregnant during the study * Unstable physical disorder that might make participation hazardous * Known allergy, sensitivity or adverse reaction to buprenorphine * Current buprenorphine maintenance * Inability to read or understand the self-report assessment forms unaided