Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2a Maintenance Therapy and Liver Disease Progression in People Infected With Both HIV and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

Inclusion Criteria for Step 1: * HIV infected * Stable antiretroviral therapy for at least 8 weeks prior to study entry OR have not received any antiretroviral therapy for at least 4 weeks prior to entry * HIV viral load less than 50,000 copies/ml within 6 weeks prior to study entry * CD4 count greater than 200 cells/mm\^3 within 6 weeks prior to study entry * Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected * Either HCV treatment naive OR previously treated with interferon (IFN), PEG-IFN, IFN and ribavirin, or PEG-IFN and ribavirin for at least 12 weeks and HCV RNA positive following their last course of HCV treatment * Chronic liver disease consistent with chronic viral hepatitis * At least stage I fibrosis on a liver biopsy obtained within 104 weeks of study entry * If at stage VI fibrosis, Child-Pugh-Turcotte (CPT) score of 5 or less and no more than Child-Pugh Class A * Liver enzyme (alanine aminotransferase \[ALT\], aspartate aminotransferase \[AST\], and alkaline phosphatase) levels 10 times or less than upper limit of normal * Agree to use acceptable methods of contraception Inclusion Criteria for Step 2: * Currently enrolled in Step 1 or received 12 weeks of PEG-IFN plus ribavirin outside this study * Detectable HCV viral load and \<2 log10 decrease from baseline in plasma/serum HCV viral load at Week 12. * On Step 1 study treatment for no longer than 18 weeks Inclusion Criteria for Step 3: * Currently enrolled in Step 1 * Undetectable HCV RNA or a 2-log or greater decrease in …